5. Expert Systems
Human experts are rare, costly and perishing. If we spend a large sum and train a person as a neurologist, the maximum we can expect is 30-40 years of service. And we cannot take a copy of the neurologist! So if we can train a computer to have the same expertise or to be precise expert behaviour, at least in a narrow field, the utility is high. Expert systems deal with extracting expertise and porting it to computers. That is creating software that can exhibit expert behavior. This field has undergone explosive growth in the last few years.

6.Neural networks
Animal brain is composed of neurons and performs computations (thinking) by passing signals between these networks of neurons. Why not imitate this and evolve intelligence? Neural networks began from this foundation. They are capable of learning, adapting and predicting. Putting in simple language, a neural network is a collection of computation units (real or virtually created), which are interconnected and cooperates for computation. Neural networks have applications in control systems, speech and natural language processing, vision and many other fields.

There are various other areas in AI. It is a vast and emerging field. I will tell more about it in my next article.